2-Octylcyclopentanone Inhibits Beta Lactam Resistant Diabetic Wound Pathogens.

Microbial infection is a frequent complication of diabetic foot ulcers, with up to 82% of ulcers being infected at the initial stage of diabetes. Furthermore, the emergence of beta lactam resistant pathogens managed to eliminate the use of beta lactam antibiotics as a chemotherapeutic alternative. This further increases the amputation and mortality rate. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of a ketone derivative 2-octylcyclopentanone against diabetic wound pathogens. The inhibitory activity of the compound was determined using disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay. Generally, 2-octylcyclopentanone showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, particularly against beta lactam resistant pathogens. The compound showed comparably better antimicrobial activity than all reference antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, streptomycin, ampicillin and penicillin. In addition, the same compound also inhibits a clinically isolated Pseudonomas aeruginosa that was resistant to all reference antibiotics. The activity was microbicidal based on the low minimal lethality concentration recorded, particularly on MRSA, P. aeruginosa and Candida utilis. The killing efficiency of the compound was concentration dependent. During kill curve analysis, the inhibitory activity of 2-octylcyclopentanone was concentration and time-dependent. 99.9% of reduction of bacterial growth was observed. MRSA and P. aeruginosa, two significant diabetic wound infections, are totally inhibited by the molecule at a concentration of minimum lethality concentration. In short, 2-octylcyclopentanone exhibited significant inhibitory towards wide range of diabetic wound pathogens. Which is considered crucial since it will provide a safe and effective alternative treatment for diabetic ulcer infection.

Jangkitan mikrob adalah komplikasi ulser yang kerap dijangkiti pada kaki pesakit diabetes, yang boleh mencapai sehingga 82% jangkitan pada peringkat awal diabetes. Kemunculan patogen tahan beta laktam berjaya menghapuskan penggunaan antibiotik beta laktam sebagai alternatif kemoterapi. Ini meningkatkan lagi kadar amputasi dan kematian. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan antimikrob bagi derivatif keton 2-octylcyclopentanone terhadap patogen luka diabetes. Aktiviti perencatan sebatian ditentukan menggunakan resapan cakera dan ujian cerakinan mikrodilusi. Secara amnya, 2-octylcyclopentanone menunjukkan aktiviti antimikrob spektrum luas, terutamanya terhadap patogen tahan beta laktam. Kompaun tersebut menunjukkan aktiviti antimikrob yang lebih baik berbanding semua antibiotik rujukan, termasuk kloramfenikol, streptomisin, ampisilin dan penisilin. Di samping itu, sebatian yang sama juga menghalang Pseudonomas aeruginosa yang diasingkan secara klinikal yang tahan terhadap semua antibiotik rujukan. Aktiviti ini adalah mikrobisida berdasarkan kepekatan kematian minimum yang rendah yang direkodkan, terutamanya pada MRSA, P. aeruginosa dan Candida utilis. Kecekapan membunuh kompaun adalah bergantung kepada kepekatan. Semasa analisis keluk bunuh, aktiviti perencatan 2-octylcyclopentanone adalah kepekatan dan bergantung kepada masa. 99.9% pengurangan pertumbuhan bakteria diperhatikan. MRSA dan P. aeruginosa, dua jangkitan luka diabetes yang ketara, dihalang sepenuhnya oleh molekul pada kepekatan kepekatan maut minimum. Ringkasnya, 2-octylcyclopentanone menunjukkan perencatan yang ketara terhadap pelbagai patogen luka diabetes. Yang dianggap penting kerana ia akan menyediakan rawatan alternatif yang selamat dan berkesan untuk jangkitan ulser diabetik.

Naringenin-Grafted Polyvinyl Alcohol (Na/PVA) Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterisation and In Vitro Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial Efficiency on Fresh Beef.

Food preservatives are commonly used to guarantee the safety and quality of food. Naturally-derived preservatives are preferred by the consumers as chemical preservatives are associated with adverse side effects. The application of naringenin as a food preservative is restricted due to its high volatility, albeit known for its good efficacy in inhibiting microbial growth on food. Thus, this study aimed to synthesis and characterise naringenin-grafted PVA (Na/PVA) nanoparticles as potential meat preservative. The nano-size of naringenin was characterised by transmission electron microscopy. Finally, the antibacterial efficiency of Na/PVA nanoparticles substance was evaluated on disc diffusion assay, broth microdilution assay and using fresh beef as food model. The naringenin nanoparticles appeared in globule and smooth structure, with an average size of less than 200 nm. In total, 11.08% of naringenin nanoparticles was successfully encapsulated into PVA nanoparticles. Based on Fourier transform infrared spectra, naringenin was successfully encapsulated into PVA nanoparticles. The release of naringenin from Na/PVA nanoparticles was slow and gradual, with an initial burst release effect observed. The property was ideal for application in food model. It gained a plateau at 48 h. The Na/PVA nanoparticles depicted its antibacterial efficiency on all the test foodborne bacteria, except E. coli. It was represented by the presence of inhibition zones, which were ranged from 10 mm to 14 mm. The activity was concentration-dependent, and a higher concentration of nanoparticles was needed to kill the test bacteria. The meat coated with Na/PVA nanoparticles displayed a 100% reduction in bacterial load, where no bacterial growth was detected at the sample throughout the incubation period. The coating of nanoparticles also improved the organoleptic property of fresh beef, by maintain the meat colour. The developed nanoparticles can be potentially used nano-preservative to maintain the microbiological quality of fresh beef.

Pengawet makanan biasanya digunakan untuk menjamin keselamatan dan kualiti makanan. Pengawet semulajadi yang diperoleh ialah pilihan oleh pengguna kerana pengawet kimia dikaitkan dengan kesan sampingan yang buruk. Penggunaan naringenin sebagai pengawet makanan adalah terhad kerana turun naik yang tinggi, walaupun dikenali kerana keberkesanan yang baik dalam menghalang pertumbuhan mikrob pada makanan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mencirikan nanozarah PVA (Na/PVA) naringenin sebagai pengawet daging yang berpotensi. Saiz nano naringenin dicirikan oleh mikroskopi elektron penghantaran. Akhirnya, kecekapan antibakteria bahan nanozarah Na/PVA dinilai pada disc diffusion assay, broth microdilution assay dan menggunakan daging lembu segar sebagai model kajian. Naringenin nanozarah muncul dalam globul dan struktur licin, dengan saiz purata kurang daripada 200 nm. Secara keseluruhan, 11.08% daripada naringenin nanozarah telah berjaya dimasukkan ke dalam nanozarah PVA. Berdasarkan pengubah spektra inframerah Fourier, naringenin berjaya dikapsulkan dalam nanozarah PVA. Pelepasan naringenin dari Na/PVA nanozarah adalah perlahan dan beransur-ansur, dengan kesan pelepasan mendadak diperhatikan pada fasa awal kajian. Sifat ini sesuai digunakan untuk menghalang pertumbuhan mikrob pada makanan. Ia mendapat dataran tinggi pada 48 h. Nanozarah Na/PVA menggambarkan kecekapan antibakteria pada semua bakteria bawaan makanan ujian, kecuali E. coli. Ia diwakili oleh kehadiran zon perencatan, yang berkisar dari 10 mm hingga 14 mm. Aktiviti ini bergantung kepada kepekatan, dan kepekatan nanozarah yang lebih tinggi diperlukan untuk membunuh bakteria ujian. Daging yang disalut dengan Na/PVA nanozarah menunjukkan pengurangan 100% dalam beban bakteria, di mana tiada pertumbuhan bakteria dikesan pada sampel sepanjang tempoh inkubasi. Lapisan nanozarah juga meningkatkan sifat organoleptik daging lembu segar, dengan mengekalkan warna daging. Nanozarah yang dibangunkan berpotensi digunakan nano-pengawet untuk mengekalkan kualiti mikrobiologi daging lembu segar.

Phomopsidione-Loaded Chitosan Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Nanocomposite Dressing for Pressure Ulcers.

Pressure ulcers are commonly associated with microbial infections on the wounds which require an effective wound dressing for treatment. Thus far, the available silver dressing has shown tremendous result, however, it may cause argyria and complicate the internal organ function. Hence, our study aims to develop and characterize phomopsidione-loaded chitosan-polyethylene glycol nanocomposite hydrogel (C/PEG/Ph) as an antimicrobial dressing. Physically, the C/PEG/Ph hydrogel demonstrated a uniform light blue color, soft, flexible, and elastic, with no aggregation form. The evaluation via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) exposed the C/PEG/Ph hydrogel has a notable shift towards lower frequency at 1600 and 1554 cm-1. For drug release test, the phomopsidione attained plateau at 24 h, with a total release of 67.9 ± 6.4% from the C/PEG/Ph hydrogel. There was a null burst release effect discovered throughout the experimental period. The C/PEG/Ph hydrogel showed significant results against all 4 Gram-negative bacteria and 1 yeast, with 99.99-100% reduction of microbial growth. The findings revealed that the C/PEG/Ph hydrogel can potentially act as an antimicrobial dressing for pressure ulcers.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Penicillium amestolkiae elv609 Extract Treated Cotton Fabric for Diabetic Wound Care.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder which affects millions of population worldwide. Global estimates published in 2010 reported the world diabetic prevalence as 6.4%, affecting 285 million adults. Foot ulceration and wound infection are major forms of disabilities arising from diabetic diseases. This study was aimed to develop a natural antimicrobial finishing on medical grade textile that meets American Association of Textiles Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) standard. The textile samples were finished with the ethanolic extract of Penicillium amestolkiae elv609, an endophytic fungus isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (common name: cat's whiskers). Endophyte is defined as microorganism that reside in the living plant tissue, without causing apparent disease symptom to the host. The antimicrobial efficacy of the ethanolic extract of P. minioluteum was tested on clinical pathogens isolated from diabetic wound. The extract exhibited significant inhibitory activity against 4 bacteria and 1 yeast with the minimal inhibitory concentration ranged from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/mL. The results indicate different susceptibility levels of the test microorganism to the ethanolic extract. However, the killing activity of the extract was concentration-dependent. The finished medical textile showed excellent antimicrobial efficacy on AATCC test assays. All the microbial cultures treated with the textile sample displayed a growth reduction of 99.9% on Hoheinstein Challenge Test. The wash durability of the finished textile was found good even after 50 washes with commercial detergent. Besides, the gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis showed that 6-octadecenoic acid and diethyl phthalate were the main bioactive constituents of the extract. In conclusion, the developed medical textile showed good antimicrobial efficacy on laboratory tests. This work can be extended to in vivo trials for developing healthcare textile products for antimicrobial applications.